JLPT N4 grammar list

86 patterns sorted by frequency. Click any pattern for meaning, usage, and FAQs.

• あとでafter; later
• あまり～ないnot very; not much
• いたすto do (the polite form of する)
• いらっしゃるto be; to come; to go (the polite form of いる, 来る, 行く)
• おきにrepeated at intervals; every
• おわるto finish…; to end
• お～くださいplease do (honorific)
• お～になるto do something (honorific)
• かい(turns a sentence into a yes/no question)
• かしらI wonder
• かどうかwhether or not
• かもしれないmight; maybe; probably
• がするsmell; hear; taste
• がるto show signs of; to feel; to think; to behave as if
• ことができるcan; to be able to
• ございますto be, to exist (the polite form of いる/ある)
• ごろaround; about
• さnominalizer for adjectives
• さすがas one would expect; even
• させられるto be made to do something (passive causative)
• させるmake somebody do something (causative)
• じゃないかright?; isn’t it?
• ぜんぜん(not) at all
• そうだit looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
• それでもbut still; and yet; even so
• そんなにso much; so; like that
• たがるwant to
• たところjust finished doing; was just doing
• たばかりjust finished; something just ended/occured
• たらif… then; after; when
• たり～たりdo such things like
• だけでjust by; just by doing
• だすto suddenly begin; to suddenly appear; …out
• つづけるto continue to
• てあげるto do for
• ていくto go on, to continue, to start
• ていただけませんかcan you please; could I get
• ているところin the process of doing
• てくるto come to, to become, to continue, to do… and come back
• てくれるto do something for somebody’s sake
• てしまうto do something by accident, to finish completely
• てほしいI need you to…
• てもeven if; even though
• てもらうto get somebody to do something
• てよかったI’m glad that…
• でございますto be (the polite form of です)
• でも…or something
• ということ(changes a sentence or phrase into a Noun)
• といってもいいyou could say; you might say
• といわれているit is said that…
• とおもうI think…; you think…
• とか～とかamong other things; such as
• ときwhen
• ときいたI heard…
• ところabout to; on the verge of
• とみえるit seems that
• と～と、どちらがwhich one…
• ないでwithout doing…; don’t
• ながらwhile; during; as
• なくてはいけない/なくてはならないmust do, have to do
• なさいdo… (command)
• なさるto do (the polite form of する)
• などsuch as, things like, the likes of
• ならif; in case; if it is the case that; as for
• にくいdifficult to…; hard to…
• にみえるto look; to seem; to appear
• に気がつくto notice; to realize
• のなかでin; among
• のにin order to
• のように / のようなlike; similar to
• はじめるto start…; to begin to…
• はずがないcannot be; it’s impossible that
• ばif… then (ば conditional)
• ひつようneed; necessary
• ひつようがあるneed, it is necessary to
• ほしいto want something; to be in need of
• みたい-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
• もうalready; anymore
• やすいeasy to; likely to…; have a tendency to…
• ようだit seems that, it appears that, it looks like
• ようになるto reach the point that, to come to be that, to turn into
• よていだplan to, intend to
• よりthan
• らしいseems like; I heard that; it appears that
• られるbe able to do something
• 場合はif; in the case; in the event of

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