JLPT N1 grammar list

218 patterns sorted by frequency. Click any pattern for meaning, usage, and FAQs.

• (で)すらeven
• (よ)うか～まいかwhether or not
• (よ)うが/(よ)うとeven if; no matter how/what
• (よ)うが～まいが/(よ)うと～まいとwhether or not
• (よ)うにも～ないeven if one tries to do something, it can’t be done
• (よ)うものならif one chooses to; if one happens to
• あえてdare to; daringly; deliberately
• あくまでもto the end; persistently; absolutely; to the utmost degree
• あってのwhich owes everything to; which can exist solely due to the presence of
• あらかじめbeforehand; in advance; previously
• いかなるany kind of
• いかにhow; how much
• いかにもindeed; really
• いかんでは/いかんによってはdepending on
• いかんによらずregardless of
• いずれにせよat any rate; anyway; in any case
• いまだにstill; even now; until this very day
• およそtotally; utterly; (not) at all; roughly; about
• かいもなくeven though
• かたがたwhile; at the same time; for the purpose of
• かたわらwhile (doing); in addition to; at the same time
• かつてonce; before; never before
• からあるas much as; as many as
• かれ～かれor
• か否かwhether or not
• がてらon the same occasion; at the same time; coincidentally
• が早いかas soon as
• が最後once something occurs, something else happens
• きってのthe most … of all
• きりがないthere’s no end to
• くらいならrather than…
• くらいのものだonly
• ぐるみ(together) with
• ことごとくaltogether; entirely
• ことだしsince; because
• こととてbecause; since
• ことなしにwithout doing something
• ことのないようso as not to
• ごとき/ごとくlike; as if; the same as
• さぞI believe/I’m certain something must be truly/really/very
• さもtruly; really; as if
• さもないとotherwise; else; if not so
• ざるnot; un-
• じみたto look like
• ずくめentirely; completely
• ずじまいnever; did not (have the chance to)
• ずともeven without doing
• そうにもないimpossible; unlikely
• そばからas soon as
• それなりにin itself; as it is; in its own way; as suits the occasion
• ただ～のみだcan do nothing but; there’s only
• ためしがないis never the case; has never happened
• たりとも(not) even; (not) any
• た拍子にthe moment; the instance
• た瞬間にthe moment (something happens)
• だにeven
• だの～だのand; and the like; and so forth
• つ～つindicates two contrasting actions
• ってばI said; I told you to
• てかなわないcan’t stand; unable to
• てからというものafter; since
• てしかるべきだshould
• てっきりsurely; certainly; without a doubt
• てまでeven
• てみせるI’ll definitely
• てもどうにもならないit’s no use…
• ても始まらないit’s no use…
• ても差し支えないcan…; it’s okay if…
• てやまないalways; never stop; can’t help but
• であれ/であろうとwhoever/whatever/however; even
• であれ～であれwhether A or B
• でなくてなんだろうmust be; is definitely
• ではあるまいかI wonder if it’s not…
• ではあるまいしit’s not like; it isn’t as if
• ではすまないit doesn’t end with just…
• でも何でもないnot in the least
• とあってbecause of
• とあればif; if it is the case that
• といい～といいand; or
• というall; every
• というかor; or more precisely; or perhaps I should say
• というか～というか(I’m not sure if it’s) A or B
• というところだ/といったところだapproximately; about
• というものduring/for/since/over a period of time
• というわけだthis means; this is why; it is the case that
• というわけではないit’s not that; it doesn’t mean that
• といえどもeven; even though; even if
• といったらないvery; extremely; nothing more … than this
• といわずnot just; both
• ときたらwhen it comes to…; concerning…
• ときているbecause
• ところからbecause; from the fact that
• ところがあるto have; there is
• とされるis considered…
• としたって/としたところでeven if
• として～ないnot even one
• とっさにat once; right away; promptly; on the spur of the moment
• とてeven; even if; even though
• とても～ないcannot possibly; there is no way
• とはindicates word or phrase being defined
• とはいうもののhaving said that; be that as it may
• とはいえnonetheless; though; although; be that as it may
• とばかりにas if; as though
• とみられるto be regarded as; to be expected to; to be believed to
• とみるやat the sight of; upon seeing
• ともすればapt to; prone to
• ともなくto do something without thinking about it
• ともなると/ともなればwhen; once (something happens)
• とりわけespecially
• と思いきやI thought…; or so we thought
• と相まってtogether with; along with
• どうにも～ないnot … by any means; no matter how hard one tries, cannot…
• ないではおかない/ずにはおかないwill definitely/certainly do something; cannot not
• ないではすまない/ずにはすまないmust; will definitely
• ないとも限らないmight
• ないまでもeven if something isn’t done
• ないものかcan’t we…?; can’t I…?
• ないものでもないis not entirely impossible
• ながらに/ながらのwhile; during
• なくしてwithout
• なしにwithout
• ならいざしらずI don’t know about A, but B; A is acceptable, but B
• ならではuniquely applying to; special to
• なりas soon as
• なりともeven a little; at least
• なりに/なりのin one’s own way or style
• なり～なりor
• なるべくas much as possible
• にあたらないit’s not worth; there’s no need to
• にあってin; on; at; during; in the condition of
• にかかっているto depend on
• にかたくないit’s not hard to
• にしたってeven; even if
• にしてonly; even; in (time span); at (time, place)
• にたえる/にたえないcan/can’t do something
• にとどまらずnot limited to; not only… but also
• には及ばないthere’s no need to; does not match
• にひきかえin contrast to
• にまつわるto be related to
• にもほどがあるto have a limit; to go too far
• にもましてmore than…; above…
• によらずregardless of
• に値するto be worth; to deserve
• に先駆けてto be the first
• に則ってin accordance with
• に即してto agree with; in keeping with; to be based on
• に照らしてin comparison with; according to
• に至ってはwhen it comes to; as for
• に至るまでuntil; as far as
• に言わせればif you ask…; if one may say…
• に足りないto be not worth
• に足る/に足りるto be enough; to be worthy of
• のなんのってextremely
• のみかnot only… but also
• の極みthe utmost
• の至りutmost; extremely
• はおろかlet alone; not to mention; needless to say
• はさておきsetting aside
• ばこそonly because
• ばそれまでだif… then it’s over
• ひとつto give something a try
• びるseeming to be; behaving as
• ふとsuddenly; accidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
• ぶりstyle; manner
• ぶるassuming the air of…; behaving like…
• べからずmust not; should not; do not
• べくin order to; for the purpose of; must; should
• べくもないcan’t; cannot possibly be
• ほうがましだI would rather
• ほかに～ないno other; nothing else
• ほどのことはないnot worth; no need to
• まじきshould not; must not
• までだonly
• までもないit’s not necessary to
• ままにto do as
• まみれcovered in
• まるっきりtotally; completely
• めくto show signs of; to have the appearance of
• もさることながらnot only… but also…
• もしくはor; otherwise
• もしないでwithout even doing
• ものでbecause; for that reason
• ものとしてto assume; to suppose
• ものと思われるto think; to suppose
• ものをI wish; if only; although; even though
• もはやalready; no longer; not any more
• も顧みず/を顧みずdespite; regardless of
• やしないnot (emphatic negative)
• や否やthe moment that; no sooner than; as soon as
• ゆえにtherefore; consequently
• ようによってはdepending on
• をいいことにto take advantage of
• をおいてother than; without
• をもってat the time
• をものともせずin defiance of
• をよそにdespite; without regards to
• を余儀なくされるto be forced to do something because one has no other choice
• を兼ねてalso for the purpose of
• を機にas an opportunity to
• を皮切りにstarting with
• を禁じえないcan’t help but; can’t refrain from
• を経てthrough; after; via
• を踏まえてbased on
• を限りにstarting from…; to the full extent of
• んがためin order to
• んばかりにas if; as though
• 何しろat any rate; anyway; in any case; because; as you know
• 可能性があるthere’s a possibility that
• 場合によってはdepending on the situation
• 始末だend up; in the end
• 嫌いがあるto have a tendency to
• 思いをするto feel
• 折にwhen; at the time; on the occasion
• 案の定just as one thought; sure enough
• 極まる/極まりないextremely
• 極めてextremely; exceedingly
• 羽目になるto end up with (something unpleasant)
• 限りだI feel so…